MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO OXIDATIVE STRESS–INDUCED CALCIUM OXALATE UROLITHIASIS AND EMERGING PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC TARGET
Keywords:
Urolithiasis, Calcium oxalate, calculi, supersaturation, struviteAbstract
A common urological condition called urolithiasis is characterized by development of stones in urinary tract that are primarily made of calcium oxalate. Super saturation, crystal development, nucleation, aggregation, retention in renal tissues are some of the steps in the stone formation process. By causing damage to the renal epithelium and encouraging crystal adhesion, oxidative stress is a major factor in this illness. By this variety of molecular mechanisms, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators further quicken the course of disease. The interest in plant based remedies as substitute treatments has grown. Pharmaceuticals and surgical procedures are current therapeutic approaches; however, they are frequently associated with side effects and recurrence. Therefore, interest in plant-based remedies as substitute treatments has grown. Through their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, medicinal herbs have antiurolithiatic effects. Furthermore, they increase the composition of urine and lessen the production of crystals. In experiments, a number of herbal remedies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. Phytopharmacological methods could therefore be safer and more effective ways to treat urolithiasis.
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