Applications of Nanocarriers in Skin Cancer Treatment- A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.v15i4.2015Keywords:
Nanocarriers, nanoparticles, drug delivery, dendrimers, liposomesAbstract
Cancer is a fatal disease that can affect people of any age or gender. Humanity is greatly concerned about it since it is one of the main causes of death worldwide. In the upcoming years, it is anticipated that millions of cases of skin cancer would arise. It was predicted that melanoma will result in new cases and vast number of deaths overall. Skin cancer is among the most deadly forms of cancer, and both its mortality and morbidity rates continue to rise steadily. Chemotherapy is currently one of the most promising options, but it has a number of disadvantages. Skin cancer has become a significant worldwide health problem due to its increasing prevalence among Caucasian populations. Three primary types of skin cancer have been identified: melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thanks to nanotechnology, which has benefits including more accurate drug delivery, enhanced imaging, and better diagnostic methods, there are now additional treatment choices for skin cancer. Its primary role in this field lies in developing nanocarriers that enable the targeted and efficient transport of therapeutic agents. The primary use of nanotechnology in the treatment of skin cancer is the development of nanocarriers that enable accurate drug delivery. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and others are examples of nanocarriers. Nanomedicine is crucial in the treatment of skin cancer because of its strong anti-carcinogenic qualities and ability to deliver drugs straight to the sites of tumors, improving therapeutic results, reducing toxicity, and slowing tumor growth. Although nanotechnology shows great promise, many of its treatments remain under research and development. Before being used widely in clinical settings, more research is required to maximize safety and effectiveness.
References
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.
Tran S, DeGiovanni PJ, Piel B, Rai P. Cancer nanomedicine: a review of recent success in drug delivery. Clin Transl Med. 2017;6:44.
Bilal M, Iqbal HM. New insights on unique features and role of nanostructured materials in cosmetics. Cosmetics. 2020;7(2):22.
Urban K, Mehrmal S, Uppal P, Giesey RL, Delost GR. The global burden of skin cancer: A longitudinal analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990–2017. JAAD Int. 2021;2:98–108. doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2020.10.013
Lomas A, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath-Hextall F. A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(5):1069–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.x
Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter SM, Blau HM, et al. Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 2017;542(7639):115–8. doi:10.1038/nature21056
Khan NH, Mir M, Qian L, et al. Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures. J Adv Res. 2022;36:223–47.
Raza A, et al. Zein-based micro-and nano-constructs and biologically therapeutic cues with multi-functionalities for oral drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;58:101818.
Din F, Aman W, Ullah I, et al. Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:7291–309. doi:10.2147/IJN.S146315
Jin C, Wang K, Oppong-Gyebi A, Hu J. Application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and therapy—a mini-review. Int J Med Sci. 2020;17(18):2964–73. doi:10.7150/ijms.49801
Afsharzadeh M, Hashemi M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Abnous K, Ramezani M. Recent advances in co-delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles for cancer treatment. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(6):1095–110. doi:10.1080/21691401.2017.1376675
Sun Y, Kang C, Zhang A, et al. Co-delivery of dual-drugs with nanoparticles to overcome multidrug resistance. Eur J Med Res. 2016;2(2):12–8.
Jain R, Sarode I, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanocarrier based topical drug delivery—A promising strategy for treatment of skin cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(36):4615–23. doi:10.2174/1381612826666200826140448
Akhter MH, Rizwanullah M, Ahmad J, Ahsan MJ, Mujtaba MA, Amin S. Nanocarriers in advanced drug targeting: setting novel paradigm in cancer therapeutics. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(5):873–84. doi:10.1080/21691401.2017.1366333
Torchilin VP. Micellar nanocarriers: pharmaceutical perspectives. Pharm Res. 2007;24:1–16.
Hare JI, et al. Challenges and strategies in anti-cancer nanomedicine development: an industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017;108:25–38.
Li Z, et al. Influence of nanomedicine mechanical properties on tumor targeting delivery. Chem Soc Rev. 2020;49(8).
Emerich DF, Thanos CG. The pinpoint promise of nanoparticle-based drug delivery and molecular diagnosis. Biomol Eng. 2006;23(4).
Allen TM, Cullis PR. Drug delivery systems: entering the mainstream. Science. 2004;303(5665).
Lu W, Huang Q, Ku G, et al. Photoacoustic imaging of living mouse brain vasculature using hollow gold nanospheres. Biomaterials. 2010;31(9):2617–26.
Albrecht R. Immunocytochemistry: A Practical Approach. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993.
Sonavane G, Tomoda K, Makino K. Biodistribution of colloidal gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration: effect of particle size. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2008;66(2):274–80.
Nazir S, Hussain T, Ayub A, Rashid U, Macrobert AJ. Nanomaterials in combating cancer: therapeutic applications and developments. Nanomedicine. 2013;10(1):19–34.
Dreaden EC, Austin LA, MacKey MA, El-Sayed MA. Size matters: gold nanoparticles in targeted cancer drug delivery. Therapeutic Delivery. 2012;3(4):457–78.
Qian X, Peng X, Ansari DO, et al. In vivo tumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman nanoparticle tags. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(1):83–90.
Jokerst JV, Gambhir SS. Molecular imaging with theranostic nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res. 2011;44(10):1050–60.
Kimling J, Maier M, Okenve B, et al. Turkevich method for gold nanoparticle synthesis revisited. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110(32):15700–7.
Hainfeld JF, Dilmanian FA, Slatkin DN, Smilowitz HM. Radiotherapy enhancement with gold nanoparticles. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;60(8):977–85.
Pan Y, Neuss S, Leifert A, et al. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles. Small. 2007;3(11):1941–9.
Eyvazzadeh N, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Fekrazad R, et al. Gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles as nanotheranostic agents for MRI and photothermal therapy of cancer. Lasers Med Sci. 2017;32:1469–77.
Kennedy LC, Bickford LR, Lewinski NA, et al. A new era for cancer treatment: gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies. Small. 2011;7:169–83.
Day ES, Zhang L, Thompson PA, et al. Vascular-targeted photothermal therapy of an orthotopic murine glioma model. Nanomedicine. 2012;7:1133–48.
Biosciences IN. Pilot study of AuroLase therapy in refractory and/or recurrent tumors of the head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 2000.
Biosciences N. Inc. Efficacy study of AuroLase therapy in subjects with primary and/or metastatic lung tumors. ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 2000.
Alkilany AM, Murphy CJ. Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? J Nanopart Res. 2010;12:2313–33.
Monopoli MP, Åberg C, Salvati A, et al. Biomolecular coronas provide the biological identity of nanosized materials. Nat Nanotechnol. 2012;7:779–86.
Dai Q, Walkey C, Chan WC. Polyethylene glycol backfilling mitigates the negative impact of the protein corona on nanoparticle cell targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2014;53:5093–6.
Walkey CD, Chan WC. Understanding and controlling the interaction of nanomaterials with proteins in a physiological environment. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41:2780–99.
Kekicheff P, Schneider GF, Decher G. Size-controlled polyelectrolyte complexes: direct measurement of forces involved in triggered collapse of layer-by-layer nanocapsules. Langmuir. 2013;29:10713–26.
Oaew S, Charlermroj R, Pattarakankul T, et al. Gold nanoparticles/horseradish peroxidase encapsulated polyelectrolyte nanocapsule for signal amplification in Listeria monocytogenes detection. Biosens Bioelectron. 2012;34:238–43.
Penders J, Stolzoff M, Hickey DJ, et al. Shape-dependent antibacterial effects of non-cytotoxic gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:2457.
Kim K, Oh KS, Park DY, et al. Doxorubicin/gold-loaded core/shell nanoparticles for combination therapy to treat cancer through enhanced tumor targeting. J Control Release. 2016;228:141–9.
Kannan R, Zambre A, Chanda N, et al. Functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles in tumor therapy. Wires Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2012;4:42–51.
Gargioni E, Schulz F, Raabe A, et al. Targeted nanoparticles for tumor radiotherapy enhancement—the long dawn of a golden era? Ann Transl Med. 2016;4:523.
Bagheri S, Yasemi M, Safaie-Qamsari E, et al. Using gold nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of melanoma cancer. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(sup1):462–71. doi:10.1080/21691401.2018.1430585
[Gold nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, and applications]
[Drug delivery using gold nanoparticles]
Kesharwani P, et al. PAMAM dendrimer as a talented multifunctional biomimetic nanocarrier for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2022;204:111837.
Luong D, et al. PEGylated PAMAM dendrimers: enhancing efficacy and mitigating toxicity for effective anticancer drug and gene delivery. Acta Biomater. 2016;43:14–29.
Sun M, et al. Dendrimer-mediated drug delivery to the skin. Soft Matter. 2012;8(16):4301–5.
Mekuria SL, et al. Dendrimer-based nanogels for cancer nanomedicine applications. Bioconjug Chem. 2022;33(1):87–96.
[Nanocarriers in skin cancer treatment: Emerging drug delivery approaches and innovations. Nano TransMed. 2025;4:100068]
Shi J, Votruba AR, Farokhzad OC, Langer R. Nanotechnology in drug delivery and tissue engineering: from discovery to applications. Nano Lett. 2010;10:3223–30. doi:10.1021/nl102184c
Blattman JN, Greenberg PD. Cancer immunotherapy: a treatment for the masses. Science. 2004;305:200–5. doi:10.1126/science.1100369
Hu Q, Sun W, Wang C, Gu Z. Recent advances of cocktail chemotherapy by combination drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016;98:19–34. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.022
Allen TM, Cullis PR. Liposomal drug delivery systems: From concept to clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013;65:36–48.
Torchilin VP. Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005;4:145–60.
Kim B, et al. Liposome-based drug delivery for skin cancer therapy: Current perspectives and future challenges. J Control Release. 2019;[volume and pages if available].
Abbasi E, Aval SF, Akbarzadeh A, et al. Dendrimers: synthesis, applications, and properties. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2014;9(1):247. doi:10.1186/1556-276X-9-247
Ahmed KS, Hussein SA, Ali AH, et al. Liposome: composition, characterization, preparation, and recent innovation in clinical applications. J Drug Target. 2018;26:1–58. doi:10.1080/1061186x.2018.1527337
Karami N, Moghimipour E, Salimi A. Liposomes as a novel drug delivery system: Fundamental and pharmaceutical application. Adv J Pharm. 2018;12:1–10. doi:10.22377/ajp.v12i01.2037
Gupta A, Verma D, Pathak YV. Quantum dots: Applications in drug delivery and imaging. Front Nanotechnol. 2021;3:118. doi:10.3389/fnano.2021.798440
Kaur H, Kumar R, Sharma G. Advancing cancer therapy with quantum dots and nanostructures. Nanomed Res J. 2023;8(1):25–38. doi:10.22034/nmrj.2023.01.004
Kuo TR, Hsu CY, Wei PK. Quantum dot-based imaging for skin cancer diagnostics. J Biomed Opt. 2023;28(2):023003.
Rani A, Yadav M, Chaudhary R. Quantum dots as targeted drug carriers in melanoma treatment. Curr Drug Deliv. 2024;21(1):89–99.
Singh M, Mehta A. Toxicity concerns of cadmium-based quantum dots in biomedical applications. Toxicol Rep. 2023;10:220–9.
Thakur N, Sharma R, Rajput A. Multifunctional role of quantum dots in nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine. 2022;17:2105–20.
Yadav K, Arora D, Rana S. Quantum dots for photothermal and photodynamic therapy in cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2022;233:112454. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112454
Ahmed T, Sarwar R, Mahmood A. Polymeric nanoparticles for delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022;185:114322. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114322
Anantharaju PG, Gowda PC, Viswanatha GL. Polymeric nanoparticles: An overview of preparation methods, applications and regulatory perspective. Int J Nanomedicine. 2021;16:1313–30. doi:10.2147/IJN.S300112
Chaudhary R, Yadav M, Kumar R. Challenges in translating polymeric nanoparticle-based cancer therapy. J Control Release. 2023;355:238–52. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.017
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
