PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS.

Life Sciences-Botany

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus. The leaves were meticulously cleaned in clean water, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and permitted to dry at room temperature for several days. It was oven-dried at 45°C for approximately one hour until deemed sufficiently brittle to fracture. The final dilutions employed were 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, and 80 mg/ml. Four clinical microorganisms were isolated and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The agar well diffusion technique was employed for the in vitro antibacterial bioassay. The methanolic and ethanolic plant extracts shown significant antibacterial activity at a concentration of 80 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening assays indicated the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and Salkowski in the plant extract. The results demonstrated that all extracts exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity with a progressive rise in their concentrations. The methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus exhibited the greatest efficacy against all tested species. The ethanol extracts exhibited the lowest antibacterial activity in comparison to the methanolic extracts.