Buccal Patch: A New Avenue for Better Patient Compliance in Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Pharmaceutical sciences- Pharma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.P253-P276Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Challenges, Buccal Drug Delivery, Oral Mucosa, Buccal Patch.Abstract
Diabetes is a persistent metabolic condition that affects many individuals globally. To manage diabetes, patients need totake medication regularly, and the buccal patch has become a promising drug delivery option for this purpose. This review articlehighlights the potential of buccal patches as a novel approach to enhance patient compliance in treating diabetes mellitus. Byexploring the advantages of buccal patches as a non-invasive drug delivery system, this article emphasizes their potential to improvemedication adherence, thereby contributing to better management of diabetes mellitus. This article aims to evaluate the role ofbuccal patches in improving patient compliance in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. With the increasing global burden of diabetes,ensuring patient adherence to medication regimens is crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Traditional treatmentmethods often require frequent injections or oral administrations, which may lead to poor compliance due to various factors suchas fear of injections, inconvenience, or forgetfulness. Reviewing the literature on buccal patches as an alternative drug deliverysystem, this article explores their advantages in enhancing patient compliance. Buccal patches adhere to the inner lining of thecheek, providing a convenient and non-invasive route of drug administration. This approach eliminates the need for injections andreduces the frequency of oral medication intake, improving patient acceptance and adherence to treatment regimens. Furthermore,this article highlights the potential of buccal patches in delivering medications directly into the systemic circulation through thehighly vascularized oral mucosa. By bypassing first-pass metabolism in the liver, buccal patches can achieve higher drugconcentrations and improve therapeutic effects. Presenting the benefits of buccal patches for diabetes treatment encourages furtherresearch and development. So, the conclusion of this article is to promote awareness among healthcare professionals and patientsabout the potential of buccal patches as a patient-friendly approach to enhance compliance in the management of diabetes mellitus.
References
Mohan V, Unnikrishnan R. Review of current guidelines on management of diabetes in India. J Assoc Phys India. 2017;65(7):14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.03.016.
Pemmaraju V, Mithal A, Mohan V. Management of type 2 diabetes in India: current perspectives and future directions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2019;13(4):2521-6. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.031.
Chowdhury SD, Das AK. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends. Oman Med J. 2018;33(6):417-22. doi: 10.5001/omj.2018.76.
Khanna N, Jain N. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends. Oman Med J. 2018;33(6):441-7. doi: 10.5001/omj.2018.85.
Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C. Diabetes in India: challenges and opportunities. J Diabetes. 2012;4(4):317-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00262.x.
Bhatt HG, Kumar A. Emerging therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2018;8(5):177-82. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1859.
Kapoor R, Deshmukh V. Pharmacotherapy for the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. J Drug Deliv Ther, 9. 2019;143-151:(2-s). doi: 10.22270/jddt.v9i2-s.2395.
Heinemann L, Hompesch M, Bhardwaj S. Inhalable insulin: review of a novel route of insulin administration. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(9):1632-40. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2389.
Raveendran AV, Kulkarni S, Kar SS, Shetty V, Shetty AK. Novel drug delivery systems for the management of diabetes mellitus: an updated review. J Control Release. 2021;338:366-84.
Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Yoon KH, et al. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. JAMA. 2009;301(20):2129-40. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.726, PMID 19470990.
Bailey CJ. Challenges in diabetes management with particular reference to hypoglycaemia. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(8):1119-26. doi: 10.1111/dom.12948.
Mayo Clinic. Diabetes treatment: medications for type 2 diabetes; 2021. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351199.
ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987, PMID 18539916.
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37;Suppl 1:S81-90. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S081, PMID 24357215.
Skyler JS, Bakris GL, Bonifacio E, Darsow T, Eckel RH, Groop L, et al. Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history, and prognosis. Diabetes. 2017;66(2):241-55. doi: 10.2337/db16-0806, PMID 27980006.
Guo S. Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. J Endocrinol. 2014;220(2):T1-T23. doi: 10.1530/JOE-13-0327, PMID 24281010.
Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271-81. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023, PMID 29496507.
Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(6):2131-57. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.054, PMID 17498508.
Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA. Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(3):216-26. doi: 10.1002/msj.20113, PMID 19421965.
Joshi SK, Shrestha S. Diabetes mellitus: a review of its associations with different environmental factors. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2010;8(29):109-15. doi: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3233, PMID 21209519.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes Atlas. 6th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2013.
Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137-49. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002, PMID 24630390.
World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Geneva; 2016.
Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87(1):4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007, PMID 19896746.
Montoro MN, Kjos SL, Chandler M, Peters RK, Xiang AH, Buchanan TA. Insulin resistance and preeclampsia in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(8):1995-2000. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.8.1995, PMID 16043744.
King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(9):1414-31. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.9.1414, PMID 9727886.
Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1047-53. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047, PMID 15111519.
Williams R. Diabetes in the UK—How big is the problem? J Dent. 2009;37(8):S573-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.014, PMID 19487062.
Hsia Y, Neubert AC, Rani F, Viner RM, Hindmarsh PC, Wong IC. An increase in the prevalence of type 1 and 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: results from prescription data from a UK general practice database. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;67(2):242-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03347.x, PMID 19260863.
Eaton S, Brent S, Shah N, Masters G. Expenditure on diabetes treatments and achievement of glycaemic control: retrospective analysis. Diabet Med. 2008;25(6):738-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02429.x, PMID 18544110.
González EL, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Rodríguez LA. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the UK: 1996-2005. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009;63(4):332-6. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.080382, PMID 19240084.
Cardwell CR, Carson DJ, Patterson CC. Higher incidence of childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in remote areas: a UK regional small-area analysis. Diabetologia. 2006;49(9):2074-7. doi: 10.1007/s00125-006-0342-0, PMID 16868747.
Mishra S. A Review article: recent Approaches in buccal patches, the pharma innovation. 2012;7(2):12.
Deshpande AA, Rhodes CT, Shah NH, Malick AW. Controlled-release drug delivery systems for buccal route. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1997 Jan;23(1):3-13. doi: 10.3109/03639049709149295, PMID 9028737.
Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE, Attimarad M, Harsha S. Buccal drug delivery systems: an updated review. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(5):441. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441.
Al-maslamani MA, Pathan IB, Baig MM, Alnemah MM. Recent advances and novel applications of buccal patches. Drug Deliv. 2016 Nov;23(9):3442-56. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1205473, PMID 27405460.
Muzzarelli RAA. Buccal, sublingual, and transmucosal delivery systems for insulin: theoretical considerations and in vivo testing of chitosan salts as delivery agents. In: Domard A, editor A, M. K. G. Thakur, eds. Chitosan-Based Biomaterials Volume 1: Fundamentals. Elsevier Inc.; 2016:425-443. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100979-8.00015-3.
Nafee NA, Boraie MA, Ismail FA, Mortada LM. Mucoadhesive buccal patches of miconazole nitrate: in vitro/in vivo performance and effect of ageing. Int J Pharm. 2003;264(1-2):1-14. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00387-8.
Nafee NA, Boraie MA, Ismail FA, Mortada LM. Design and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal patches containing cetylpyridinium chloride. Acta Pharm. 2003;53(3):199-212. PMID 14769243.
Gandhi S, Naik R, Paul A, et al. Buccal drug delivery: a review. J Pharm Res. 2013;7(3):229-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jopr.2013.05.004.
Shirsand SB, Para MS, Nagendrakumar D, Kanani KM. Buccal drug delivery systems: an overview. J Control Release. 2012;162(2):214-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.002.
Gupta PN, Goyal AK. Development and evaluation of buccal drug delivery systems: a review. J Control Release. 2012;158(3):417-28.
Karavana SY, Guneri T. Investigation of factors affecting buccal adhesive tablet properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2006;32(9):1145-54.
Singh R, et al. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system: an overview. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2012;3(2):89-100.
D’Souza SS, Devarajan PV. Effect of polymer concentration and plasticizer on the adhesive properties of buccal patches. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2012;38(3):330-7.
Hirlekar RS, et al. Influence of backing membrane and adhesive layer thickness on physicochemical, mechanical and mucoadhesive properties of transdermal patches. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2012;96:116-23.
Ozsoy Y, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel buccal adhesive patch for transmucosal delivery of meloxicam. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013;85(2):371-9.
Shah P, Bhalodia R, Shelate P. Analytical method development and validation of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and their analysis by using HPLC. Int J Pharm Investig. 2012;2(4):213-7.
Chidambaram N, Srivatsava AK. Buccal drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1995;21(9):1009-36. doi: 10.3109/03639049509069802.
Rossi S, Sandri G, Caramella CM. Buccal drug delivery: A challenge already won? Drug Discov Today Technol. 2005;2(1):59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2005.05.018, PMID 24981756.
Veuillez F, Kalia YN, Jacques Y, Deshusses J, Buri P. Factors and strategies for improving buccal absorption of peptides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2001;51(2):93-109. doi: 10.1016/s0939-6411(00)00144-2, PMID 11226816.
Oh CK, Ritschel WA. Biopharmaceutical aspects of buccal absorption of insulin. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1990;123:205-12.
Li X, Cao Y, Li X, et al. Development of a spectrophotometric method for determination of ropivacaine in buccal patches. Drug Test Anal. 2017;9(3):434-9.
Thakkar H, Patel S, Thakkar S, Patel B, Patel M. In vitro dissolution testing of buccal patches: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(7):253.
Ray A, Maji R, Halder A, Bandyopadhyay A. Quantitative determination of lidocaine hydrochloride in mucoadhesive buccal patches by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012;74(2):157-60.
Prabakaran D, Sivakumar T, Kumar GS, et al. In vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of ondansetron hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Investig. 2011;1(1):30-6. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.76431.
Patel VM, Prajapati BG, Patel MM. Formulation and evaluation of buccal patches of fluconazole. Int J Pharm Investig. 2012;2(4):217-22. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.107012.
Adeyeye CM, Price JC, Nkansah MK, et al. Evaluation of in vivo release of nicotine from buccal patches. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2002;28(4):419-27. doi: 10.1081/DDC-120002575.
Koushik K, Shaila A, Kamalapurkar JS, et al. In vivo evaluation of buccal mucoadhesive patches of propranolol hydrochloride in human volunteers. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2018;8(2):238-47. doi: 10.1007/s13346-017-0411-1.
Patel AR, Patel KN, Patel MM, et al. Formulation and evaluation of buccal patches of flurbiprofen. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008;9(2):660-7. doi: 10.1208/s12249-008-9081-6.
Darwhekar GN, Jain DK, Jain N. Development and evaluation of buccal patches of metoprolol succinate. Acta Pharm. 2010;60(1):61-74. doi: 10.2478/v10007-010-0009-2.
Cilurzo F, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Montanari L. Buccal mucoadhesive patches for local administration of ketoprofen: preparation and in vitro/in vivo characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2005 Nov;31(9):785-94. doi: 10.1080/03639040500255224, PMID 16236590.
Khafagy SE, Morishita M, Onuki Y, Takayama K. Current challenges in noninvasive insulin delivery system: A comparative review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59(15):1521-46. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.019, PMID 17881081.
Shah D, Agrawal V, Parikh R. Noninvasive insulin delivery system: a review. Int J Appl Pharm. 2010;21:35-40.
Trehan A, Ali A. Recent approaches in insulin delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1998;24(7):589-97. doi: 10.3109/03639049809082359.
Sadrzadeh N, Glembourtt MJ, Stevenson CL. Peptide drug delivery strategies for the treatment of diabetes. J Pharm Sci. 2007;96(8):1925-54. doi: 10.1002/jps.20848, PMID 17286287.
Dong T, Liu Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Sun L et al. Optimization and evaluation of fentanyl buccal tablets for cancer pain. J Control Release. 2008 Jan 10;125(1):16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.09.011. PMID 17996215.
Mishra DN, Patel MM, Patel JS. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. Int J PharmSci Nanotechnol. 2010;3(2):986-96.
Dixit RP, Puthli SP. Oral strip technology: overview and future potential. J Control Release. 2009;139(2):94-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.014, PMID 19559740.
Bajaj AK, Gupta A, Majumdar DK. A review on buccal drug delivery system. Pharmainfo.net. 2009;7(2):1-12.
Kottala N, Krishnamoorthy B, Kannan K. Buccal drug delivery system – a review. J Pharm Sci Res. 2010;2(9):549-58.
Vuddanda PR, Chakraborty S, Singh S. Development of mucoadhesive buccal patches for delivery of metoprolol tartrate. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012;74(2):116-21. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.103841.
Dondeti P, Kumar AS, Gannu R, et al. Development and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of losartan potassium. Curr Drug Deliv. 2012;9(2):155-62. doi: 10.2174/156720112800502460.
Patel VM, Prajapati BG, Patel MM. Buccal patches: current trends and future aspects. J Control Release. 2012;162(1):1-8.
Sinha VR, Kumria R. Polymers in buccal drug delivery. J Control Release. 2003;90(2):127-43.
Williams AC, Barry BW. Penetration enhancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004;56(5):603-18. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.025, PMID 15019749.
Morales JO, McConville JT. Manufacture and characterization of muco adhesive buccal films. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;77(2):187-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.023, PMID 21130875.
Salamat-Miller N, Chittchang M, Johnston TP. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57(11):1666-91. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2005.07.003, PMID 16183164.
Zurdo Schroeder I, Franke P, Schaefer UF, Lehr C-M. Development and characterization of film forming polymeric solutions for skin drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;65(1):111-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.07.015, PMID 16950609.
Mahajan HS, Shaikh IM, Gattani SG. Buccal drug delivery: a review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;43:237-44.
Prajapati SK, Tripathi P. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010 Jul;1(3):302-10.
Gupta S, Singh RP, Sharma SK, Gupta GD, Kumar R. Buccal films: current trends and future directions. J Control Release. 2021 Feb 10;330:353-71.
Patel VM, Prajapati BG, Patel HV. Buccal drug delivery system: an overview. Asian J Pharm Sci Technol. 2011;1(1):1-7.
Singh P, Singh R, Singh S, Mishra G, Rawat JK. Buccal patches: current status and novel delivery approaches. J Control Release. 2020 Sep 10;325:500-21.
Rathod et al. Design and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patch of carvedilol. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72(3):329-33.
Prajapati et al. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of enalapril maleate. Curr Drug Deliv. 2015;12(6):758-67.
Kumar et al. Development and evaluation of a buccal patch containing salbutamol sulfate. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(9):3589-96.
Shastri et al. Design and development of mucoadhesive buccal patch of lornoxicam: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2017;43(6):986-94.
Mura et al. Buccal patches for delivery of peptides and proteins: recent advances and current challenges. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2014;40(4):399-410.
Nafee et al. Buccal patches: current status and recent advances. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(4):1291-305.
Khan et al. Formulation and evaluation of buccal patches for delivery of rizatriptan benzoate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2015;41(1):81-8.
Prajapati et al. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of enalapril maleate. Curr Drug Deliv. 2015;12(6):758-67.
Garg T, Singh O, Arora S, et al. Recent advancements in buccal drug delivery system. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(5):1527-40. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1055412.
Ahmed TA, Aljaeid BM. Buccal films: current trends and future directions. J Pharm Sci. 2014;103(10):3272-89. doi: 10.1002/jps.24157.
Veerareddy PR, Nama S, Marepally S, et al. Meloxicam nanogel-based buccal patch: development and evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2020;590:119934. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119934.
Modi A, Taylor K, Chien SC, et al. Patient preference and satisfaction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:1811-21. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S138825.
Pabari RM, Ramtoola Z. Drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route: formulation and dosage form design. Int J Pharm. 2019;572:118813. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118813.
Khan S, Baboota S, Ali J, et al. Topical drug delivery systems as potential vehicles for delivery of NSAIDs in the treatment of arthritis. Open Drug Deliv J. 2007;1:36-59. doi: 10.2174/1874126600701010036.
Santos-Silva A, Cavaco-Paulo A, Almeida A. Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2016;32:123-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.02.003.
Meka VS, Sistla R. Role of polymers in the development of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems: a review. Int J Appl Pharm. 2020;12(3):1-6. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2020v12i3.36747.
Patel VR, Patel PR, Patel JK. Design and development of mucoadhesive buccal patches of glipizide. J Drug Deliv. 2016;2016:1-9. doi: 10.1155/2016/6262847.
Rahman M, Ullah MA, Khan S, et al. Buccal drug delivery systems: polymers, design, and recent advances. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2021;47(1):1-11. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1835143.
Dhiman N, Awasthi R, Sharma N, et al. Buccal drug delivery systems: an update. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010;1(4):381-7. doi: 10.4103/0110-5558.76436.
Chaturvedi K, Goyal A, Rai G, et al. Buccal patches: A comprehensive review. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013;4(12):4478-90. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.4(12).4478-90.
Sharma N, Singh B, Chauhan NS, et al. Mucoadhesive buccal patches of carvedilol: preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(9):3555-66. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1064844.
Nagai N, Ogata F, Otake H, et al. Buccal absorption of ketoprofen with penetration enhancers in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(2):208-11. doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.208.
Sahu SK, Ganguly S, Choudhury H. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2010;1(6):30-6. doi: 10.7324/japs.2010.10605.
Prajapati R, Patel A, Patel M. Nonadhesive buccal drug delivery: a current approach. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011;2(1):2-9. doi: 10.4103/2231-4040.79796.
Sahoo S, Jena SK. Buccal drug delivery system: a promising drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2016;6(2):1-6. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v6i2.1269.
Prajapati R, Patel A, Patel M. Mono-layered buccal patches: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2(11):2765-73. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.2(11).2765-73.
Rathore KS, Nema RK, Sisodiya D. Mono-layered buccal patches: a review. World J Pharm Res. 2013;2(2):674-92. doi: 10.20959/wjpr20132-1353.
Kaur G, Goyal AK, Rath G. Bilayered buccal patches: a review. J Control Release. 2012;171(1):15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.022.
Nagarajan V, Raju RR, Basha SK. Design and evaluation of bilayer buccal patches of venlafaxine hydrochloride. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2014;76(5):422-7. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.143056.
Mishra R, Chakraborty S, Singh S. Development of mucoadhesive bilayer buccal patch for the delivery of rizatriptan benzoate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;49:515-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.014.
Deshmukh K, Gaikwad R, Baheti J. Design and development of buccal patch for insulin delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2017;39:155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.018.
Swami R, Singh R. Design and evaluation of multilayered mucoadhesive buccal patch for delivery of carvedilol. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4;Suppl 2:S146-7. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.100233.
Sondhi SM, Pandey A. Formulation and evaluation of hydrophilic buccal patch of metoprolol tartrate. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2015;10(5):463-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.03.005.
Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J Control Release. 2013;170(3):455-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.012.
Parhi R, Suresh P. Mucoadhesive buccal patch for controlled release of ondansetron: development and characterization. J Drug Deliv. 2014;2014:329865. doi: 10.1155/2014/329865.
Dhaneshwar SR, Sharma S. Design and development of buccal patches for delivery of clonazepam. J Pharm Investig. 2015;45(1):55-62. doi: 10.1007/s40005-014-0142-2.
Shah JC, Sadhale Y. Buccal permeation of testosterone: enhancement by menthol and menthone. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2013;39(11):1714-21. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2013.791708.
de Waard H, Hinrichs WLJ. Buccal delivery of lipophilic drugs. J Control Release. 2017;269:304-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.022.
Haider M, Alshetaili AS, Kazi M. Buccal drug delivery: a review. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2016;7(2):52. doi: 10.4103/2231-4040.179353.
Rathbone MJ, Hadgraft J, Roberts MS. Buccal drug delivery. Taylor & Francis; 2002. doi: 10.3109/9781420041344.
Park H, Robinson JR. Physicochemical aspects of drug delivery through mucosal membranes. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1992;9(3-4):249-304. PMID 1422661.
Saraiya V, Agrawal Y. Buccal patches: a promising novel drug delivery. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(2):223-45. doi: 10.18433/J3GW2J.
Patel RP, Patel MR, Bhatt KK. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. J Control Release. 2012;158(3):417-29.
Sheth P, Patel N, Shah P, Patel D, Shah D. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;2(5):3609-23.
Rathod S, Deshmukh V, Deshmukh T, Deore S. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2016;7(11):4321-30.
Varshosaz J, Taymouri S. Novel drug delivery systems for buccal application: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2012;9(6):729-43.
Patel A, Patel M. A comprehensive review: on buccal drug delivery system. J Pharm Res. 2013;7(9):792-7.
Malik R, Garg T. Buccal patches: a review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;44:200-12.
Jain S, Patel N, Madan P, Lin S. Quality-by-design approach for optimization of buccal patches. Int J Pharm. 2014;469(1):101-14.
Rathore AS, Kapoor V, Khurana R. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of metoprolol tartrate. Int J Pharm Investig. 2017;7(3):128-33.
Jain NK. Controlled and novel drug delivery. 1st ed. CBS Publishers and New Delhi: Distributors; 1997. p. 52-81.
Patel KV, Patel ND, Dodiya HD, Shelat PK. Buccal bioadhesive drug delivery system: an overview. Ind J Pharm Biogr Arch. 2011;2(2):600-9.
Shojaei AH. A systemic drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route. Pharm Technol. 2001:70-81.
Verma S, Kaul M, Rawat A, Saini S. An overview on buccal drug delivery system Ind. J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2(6):1303-21.
Patel RS, Poddar SS. Development and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal patches of salbutamol sulphate. Curr Drug Deliv. 2009;6(1):140-4. doi: 10.2174/156720109787048177, PMID 19418966.
Furtado S, Bharath S, Basavaraj BV, Abraham S, Deveswaran R, Madhavan V. Development of chitosan based bioadhesive bilayered patches of metoprolol tartarate. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2010;4(3):198-202.
Jain S, Kumar D, Swarnakar NK, Thanki K. Buccal patches: A promising novel avenue for drug delivery. J Control Release. 2011 Mar 10;152(3):330-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.022.
Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Advances in buccal drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2012 Feb;2(1):16-25. doi: 10.1007/s13346-011-0038-1.
Rathbone MJ, Drummond BK, Tucker IG. The oral cavity as a site for systemic drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1994 Sep;13(1-2):1-22. doi: 10.1016/0169-409X(94)90024-8.
van de Weert M, Jorgensen L, Horn Moeller E, Frokjaer S. Factors of importance for a successful delivery system for proteins. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2005 Nov;2(6):1029-37. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2.6.1029, PMID 16296807.
Rathbone MJ, Drummond BK, Tucker IG. Oral mucosal drug delivery: clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic applications. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995 Sep;29(3):153-62. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199529030-00001.
Shinkar DM, Dhake AS, Setty CM. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patch of propranolol hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008;9(2):660-7. doi: 10.1208/s12249-008-9092-7.
Jain S, Agrawal GP, Jain NK. A novel buccal adhesive system for nicotine replacement therapy: in vitro characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2006 Jan;32(1):115-23. doi: 10.1080/03639040500365818.
Chang RK, Guo X, Burnside BA, Couch RA. An update on buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2000 May;26(5):433-47. doi: 10.1081/DDC-100100580.
Kumar R, Patil MB, Patil SR, Paschapur MS. Development and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films of glipizide. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008 Nov-Dec;70(6):751-5. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.49135.
Pather SI, Rathbone MJ. Current perspectives on buccal drug delivery. Pharm Dev Technol. 1999 May;4(2):143-58. doi: 10.1081/PDT-100101286.
Patel VR, Agrawal YK. Buccal drug delivery system: A promising alternative for systemic drug delivery. J Control Release. 2011;153(2):115-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.010.
Sood R, Jain K, Gowthamarajan K, et al. Buccal drug delivery system: recent trends and advances. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2008;25(6):449-84. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v25.i6.10.
Anderson JR, Holcomb PJ. The role of the buccal patch in reading. J Reading Behav. 1996;28(1):57-76. doi: 10.1080/01675539609547935.
Berninger VW, Abbott RD, Garcia N, Nagy WE. The impact of a summer remediation program for struggling readers: two-year follow-up of a randomized control trial. J Learn Disabil. 2002;35(3):264-79. doi: 10.1177/00222194020350030401.
Brady SA, Shankweiler D. Phonological awareness in developmental dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia. 1991;41:27-54. doi: 10.1007/BF02750141.
Byrne B, Fielding-Barnsley R. Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children. J Educ Psychol. 1991;83(4):451-5. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.451.
Catts HW, Fey ME, Tomblin JB, Zhang X. A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairment. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002;45(6):1148-58. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/1148).
De Jong PF, Olson RK. The status of knowledge of the role of phonological factors in reading acquisition. In: Willows DJ, Snow TE, editors. Reading disability: Progress and prospect. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1991. p. 77-118. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8915-1_4.
Ehri LC. Learning to read and spell words: two stages of skill development. J Res Reading. 1991;14(2):116-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9817.1991.tb00126.x.
Fletcher JM, Francis DJ, Shaywitz SE, Lyon GR, Barnes M. Intelligent testing for children: using an alternative approach to the discrepancy model. In: Bracken BA, editor. The psychoeducational assessment of children. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 1992. p. 352-92. doi: 10.1080/01675539209547921.
Fletcher JM, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reading disability: executive functions, phonological processing, and rate of language processing. Psychol Bull. 1994;116(1):34-53. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.34.
Gathercole SE, Baddeley AD. Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children. J Mem Lang. 1990;29(4):389-412. doi: 10.1016.
Gilhotra RM, Ikram M, Srivastava S, Gilhotra N. A clinical perspective on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems. J Biomed Res. 2014;28(2):81-97. doi: 10.7555/JBR.27.20120136, PMID 24683406.
Macedo AS, Castro PM, Roque L, Thomé NG, Reis CP, Pintado ME et al. Novel and revisited approaches in nanoparticle systems for buccal drug delivery. J Control Release. 2020;320:125-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.006, PMID 31917295.
Birudaraj R, Mahalingam R, Li X, Jasti BR. Advances in buccal drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2005;22(3):295-330. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v22.i3.20, PMID 15896190.
Sankar V, Hearnden V, Hull K, Juras DV, Greenberg MS, Kerr AR et al. Local drug delivery for oral mucosal diseases: challenges and opportunities. Oral Dis. 2011;17;Suppl 1:73-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01793.x, PMID 21382140.
Senel S, Hincal AA. Drug permeation enhancement via buccal route: possibilities and limitations. J Control Release. 2001;72(1-3):133-44. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(01)00269-3, PMID 11389992.
Campisi G, Paderni C, Saccone R, Di Fede O, Wolff A, Giannola LI. Human buccal mucosa as an innovative site of drug delivery. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(6):641-52. doi: 10.2174/138161210790883778, PMID 20388074.
Sandri G, Ruggeri M, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Vigani B, Ferrari F Chapter 8. buccal drug delivery. In: Martins JP, Santos HA, editors. Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery. Academic Press; Cambdrige. Translator. MA; 2020. p. 225-50.
Squier C, Brogden K. Human oral mucosa: development, structure and function. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
Chen J, Engelen L. Food oral processing: fundamentals of eating and sensory perception. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.
Berkovitz BK, Moxham BJ, Linden RW, Sloan AJ. Master dentistry volume 3 oral biology e-book: oral anatomy, histology, physiology and biochemistry. Vol. 3. London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010.
Nelson SJ. Wheeler’s dental anatomy, physiology and occlusion-e-book. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014.
Shojaei AH. Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 1998;1(1):15-30. PMID 10942969.
Wertz PW, Squier CA. Cellular and molecular basis of barrier function in oral epithelium. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1991;8(3):237-69. PMID 1954652.
Wertz PW. Roles of lipids in the permeability barriers of skin and oral mucosa. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5229. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105229, PMID 34063352.
Harris D, Robinson JR. Drug delivery via the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. J Pharm Sci. 1992;81(1):1-10. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600810102, PMID 1619560.
Bierbaumer L, Schwarze UY, Gruber R, Neuhaus W. Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: a review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties. Tissue Barriers. 2018;6(3):1479568. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1479568, PMID 30252599.
Groeger S, Meyle J. Oral mucosal epithelial cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10:208. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00208, PMID 30837987.
Frenkel ES, Ribbeck K. Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention. J Oral Microbiol. 2015;7:29759. doi: 10.3402/jom.v7.29759, PMID 26701274.
Sawada A, Wakabayashi N, Ona M, Suzuki T. Viscoelasticity of human oral mucosa: implications for masticatory biomechanics. J Dent Res. 2011;90(5):590-5. doi: 10.1177/0022034510396881, PMID 21321067.
Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J Control Release. 2011;153(2):106-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.027, PMID 21300115.
Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Strategies for improving mucosal drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2013;8(12):2061-75. doi: 10.2217/nnm.13.178, PMID 24279493.
Li LD, Crouzier T, Sarkar A, Dunphy L, Han J, Ribbeck K. Spatial configuration and composition of charge modulates transport into a mucin hydrogel barrier. Biophys J. 2013;105(6):1357-65. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.050, PMID 24047986.
Aframian DJ, Davidowitz T, Benoliel R. The distribution of oral mucosal pH values in healthy saliva secretors. Oral Dis. 2006;12(4):420-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01217.x, PMID 16792729.
Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Patel V, Sreeharsha N et al. Development of mucoadhesive buccal film for rizatriptan: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5):728. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050728, PMID 34063402.
Srivastava N, Aslam S. Recent advancements and patents on buccal drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review. Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2021 Jun 9;15.
Boyapally H, Nukala RK, Bhujbal P, Douroumis D. Controlled release from directly compressible theophylline buccal tablets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010 Jun;77(2):227-33. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.01.031, PMID 20188529.
Palem CR, Gannu R, Doodipala N, Yamsani VV, Yamsani MR. Transmucosal delivery of domperidone from bilayered buccal patches: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Arch Pharm Res. 2011 Oct;34(10):1701-10. doi: 10.1007/s12272-011-1014-2, PMID 22076770.
Suryasa IW, Rodríguez-Gámez M, Koldoris T. Post-pandemic health and its sustainability: educational situation. Int J Health Sci. 2022;6(1):i-v. doi: 10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.5949.
Tran PHL, Duan W, Tran TTD. Recent developments of nanoparticle-delivered dosage forms for buccal delivery. Int J Pharm. 2019 Nov;571:118697. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118697, PMID 31526839.
Pradhan AD, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Hemoglobin A1c predicts diabetes but not cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic women. Am J Med. 2007;120(8):720-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.03.022, PMID 17679132.
Sato KK, Hayashi T, Harita N, Yoneda T, Nakamura Y, Endo G et al. Combined measurement of fasting plasma glucose and A1C is effective for the prediction of type 2 diabetes: the Kansai Healthcare Study. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(4):644-6. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1631, PMID 19131461.
Shimazaki T, Kadowaki T, Ohyama Y, Ohe K, Kubota K. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) predicts future drug treatment for diabetes mellitus: a follow-up study using routine clinical data in a Japanese university hospital. Transl Res. 2007;149(4):196-204. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.09.008, PMID 17383593.
Geiss LS, Pan L, Cadwell B, Gregg EW, Benjamin SM, Engelgau MM. Changes in incidence of diabetes in U.S. adults, 1997-2003. Am J Prev Med. 2006;30(5):371-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.009, PMID 16627124.
Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393-403. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512, PMID 11832527.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Harsh Kumar Pandey, Anurag Kumar Yadav, Dr. Vimal Arora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
