The Effects of Pilates and Conventional Treatment Methods in The Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Women
Life Sciences- Physiotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.L510-L521Keywords:
Pelvic floor muscles, Pilates, stress urinary incontinence, kegel’s exercises, Cough stress test.Abstract
Stress Urinary Incontinence is a common condition among women that requires attention. The main aim of thisstudy was to compare the effects of Pilates and conventional treatment methods in managing stress urinary incontinence amongwomen. This study is an experimental design, comparative pre-post-test type. 30 female subjects with stress urinaryincontinence were randomly divided into groups, Group A and Group B, with 15 subjects in each group. Group A receivedPilates exercises, and Group B subjects received conventional Kegel's exercises. The study duration was 12 weeks. The pad test,cough stress test, and International Consultation on Incontinence (ICIQ) Questionnaire were outcome measures. The results ofthis study revealed that on comparing the Mean values of Group A & Group B on the International Consultation onIncontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) and Pad test, Group A (Pilates Exercise) showed 4.46 and 4.93 post-test values which weremore effective than Group B (Conventional kegel's Exercise) at 8.60 and 9.46 at P ≤ 0.001. The Pilates group experienced ahighly significant improvement on the cough stress test compared to the conventional group at P< 0. 001.Pilates exercises wereproven highly effective in managing stress urinary incontinence among women. This study is one of its kind, which demonstratedthe effect of Pilates and its clinical usage for the effective management of Stress Urinary Incontinence.
References
Lukacz ES, Santiago-Lastra Y, Albo ME, Brubaker L. Urinary incontinence in women: a review. JAMA. 2017 Oct 24;318(16):1592-604. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.12137, PMID 29067433.
Zhou HH, Shu B, Liu TZ, Wang XH, Yang ZH, Guo YL. Association between parity and the risk for urinary incontinence in women: A meta-analysis of case–control and cohort studies. Medicine. 2018 Jul;97(28):e11443. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011443, PMID 29995798.
Guin G, Choudhary A, Dadhich R. Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and its associated risk factors amongst females attending tertiary referral centre[1]ournal of Reproduction, Contraception. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun 1;7(6):2115-20. doi: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181978.
Bø K. Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but how does it work? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004 Apr;15(2):76-84. doi: 10.1007/s00192-004-1125-0, PMID 15014933.
Agarwal BK, Agarwal N. Urinary incontinence: prevalence, risk factors, impact on quality of life and treatment seeking behaviour among middle aged women. Int Surg J. 2017 May 24;4(6):1953-8. doi: 10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172131.
Sharma T, Mittal P. Risk factors for stress urinary incontinence in women. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2017 Oct;4(10):2031-5.
Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jul 6;3(1):1-20. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.42.
Rovner ES, Wein AJ. Treatment options for stress urinary incontinence. Rev Urol. 2004;6;Suppl 3:S29-47. PMID 16985862.
Faiena I, Patel N, Parihar JS, Calabrese M, Tunuguntla H. Conservative management of urinary incontinence in women. Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):129-39. PMID 26543427.
De Vries AM, Heesakkers JPFA. Contemporary diagnostics and treatment options for female stress urinary incontinence. Asian J Urol. 2018 Jul 1;5(3):141-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2017.09.001, PMID 29988831.
Park SH, Kang CB. Effect of Kegel exercises on the management of female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Adv Nurs. 2014 Dec 30;2014:1-10. doi: 10.1155/2014/640262.
Kastelein AW, Dicker MFA, Opmeer BC, Angles SS, Raatikainen KE, Alonso JF et al. Innovative treatment modalities for urinary incontinence: a European survey identifying experience and attitude of healthcare providers. Int Urogynecol J. 2017 Nov;28(11):1725-31. doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3339-y, PMID 28432409.
Souza LM, Pegorare AB, Christofoletti G, Barbosa SRM. Influence of a protocol of Pilates exercises on the contractility of the pelvic floor muscles of non-institutionalized elderly persons. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2017 Jul;20(4):484-92. doi: 10.1590/1981-22562017020.160191.
Gomes CS, Pedriali FR, Urbano MR, Moreira EH, Averbeck MA, Almeida SHM. The effects of Pilates method on pelvic floor muscle strength in patients with post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence: A randomized clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Jan;37(1):346-53. doi: 10.1002/nau.23300, PMID 28464434.
World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013 Nov 27;310(20):2191-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053, PMID 24141714.
Meng X. Scalable simple random sampling and stratified sampling. In: International Conference on Machine Learning; 2013 May 26. p. 531-9. PMLR.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009 Nov;41(4):1149-60. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149, PMID 19897823.
Krhut J, Zachoval R, Smith PP, Rosier PF, Valanský L, Martan A et al. Pad weight testing in the evaluation of urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2014 Jun;33(5):507-10. doi: 10.1002/nau.22436, PMID 23797972.
Price DM, Noblett K. Comparison of the cough stress test and 24-h pad test in the assessment of stress urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Apr;23(4):429-33. doi: 10.1007/s00192-011-1602-1, PMID 22086265.
Abrams P, Avery K, Gardener N, Donovan J, ICIQ Advisory Board. The international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire: www. iciq. net. J Urol. 2006 Mar;175(3 Pt 1):1063-6; discussion 1066. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00348-4, PMID 16469618.
Pedriali FR, Gomes CS, Soares L, Urbano MR, Moreira EC, Averbeck MA et al. Is Pilates as effective as conventional pelvic floor muscle exercises in the conservative treatment of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence? A randomised controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016 Jun;35(5):615-21. doi: 10.1002/nau.22761, PMID 25809925.
Cavkaytar S, Kokanali MK, Topcu HO, Aksakal OS, Doğanay M. Effect of home-based Kegel exercises on quality of life in women with stress and mixed urinary incontinence. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 May 19;35(4):407-10. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2014.960831, PMID 25264854.
Culligan PJ, Scherer J, Dyer K, Priestley JL, Guingon-White G, Delvecchio D et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing pelvic floor muscle training to a Pilates exercise program for improving pelvic muscle strength. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Apr;21(4):401-8. doi: 10.1007/s00192-009-1046-z, PMID 20094704.
Park SH, Kang CB. Effect of Kegel exercises on the management of female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Adv Nurs. 2014;2014:1-10. doi: 10.1155/2014/640262.
Pavithralochani V, Thangavignesh R, Saranya P, Ramanathan K. Efficacy of kegel’s exercise vs Pilates in subject with urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019;12(12):5943-6. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.01031.X.
Balarin CD, Godoy AC, Kasawara KT, Isaias TO, Vanini TM, Oliveira MM. Effect of Pilates in strengthening pelvic floor muscles of patients with stress urinary incontinence. InJOURNAL of womens health 2013 Mar 1 (Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 3-3). 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY10801. MARY ANN LIEBERT Publishing INC.
Wells C, Kolt GS, Marshall P, Hill B, Bialocerkowski A. The effectiveness of Pilates exercise in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(7):e100402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100402, PMID 24984069.
Kao YH, Liou TH, Huang YC, Tsai YW, Wang KM. Effects of a 12-week Pilates course on lower limb muscle strength and trunk flexibility in women living in the community. Health Care Women Int. 2015 Mar 4;36(3):303-19. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2014.900062, PMID 24611630.
Culligan PJ, Scherer J, Dyer K, Priestley JL, Guingon-White G, Delvecchio D et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing pelvic floor muscle training to a Pilates exercise program for improving pelvic muscle strength. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Apr;21(4):401-8. doi: 10.1007/s00192-009-1046-z, PMID 20094704.
Pedriali FR, Gomes CS, Soares L, Urbano MR, Moreira EC, Averbeck MA et al. Is Pilates as effective as conventional pelvic floor muscle exercises in the conservative treatment of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence? A randomised controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016 Jun;35(5):615-21. doi: 10.1002/nau.22761, PMID 25809925.
DeLancey JO. Stress urinary incontinence: where are we now, where should we go? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Aug 1;175(2):311-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70140-0, PMID 8765247.
Latey P. The Pilates method: history and philosophy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2001 Oct 1;5(4):275-82. doi: 10.1054/jbmt.2001.0237.
Mazzarino M, Kerr D, Wajswelner H, Morris ME. Pilates method for women’s health: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Dec 1;96(12):2231-42. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.005, PMID 25912668.
Ferla L, Paiva LL, Darki C, Vieira A. Comparison of the functionality of pelvic floor muscles in women who practice the Pilates method and sedentary women: a pilot study. Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Jan;27(1):123-8. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2801-y, PMID 26245725.
Dias NT, Ferreira LR, Fernandes MG, Resende APM, Pereira‐Baldon VS. A Pilates exercise program with pelvic floor muscle contraction: is it effective for pregnant women? A randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Jan;37(1):379-84. doi: 10.1002/nau.23308, PMID 28543751.
Kolcaba K, Dowd T, Winslow EH, Jacobson AF. Kegel exercises. Strengthening the weak pelvic floor muscles that cause urinary incontinence. AJN. Am J Nurs. 2000 Nov 1;100(11):59. doi: 10.1097/00000446-200011000-00048, PMID 11103639.
Aslan E, Komurcu N, Beji NK, Yalcin O. Bladder training and Kegel exercises for women with urinary complaints living in a rest home. Gerontology. 2008;54(4):224-31. doi: 10.1159/000133565, PMID 18483451.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Veena Kirthika.S, Swetha. M, Selvaraj Sudhakar, J. Arunselvi, Saravanan. V, G. Rajalakshmi, Bharaneedharan. T
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
