Screening and Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus Spp and Pseudomonas Spp Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Life Sciences-Microbiology for health care

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a very serious systemic disease worldwide. Around 416 million cases were  estimated in 2015 worldwide, and are  expected  to  reach  549 million  in  2030 which is  8.6% higher. Diabetes mellitus is  the  leading cause of mortality and morbidity and is responsible for 3.8 million deaths annually.  25% of the  diabetic patients are affected with foot infections out of which, 15% people are forced for limb amputation which affects the quality of life of the patients.  Diabetic foot ulcer is a poly microbial infection mostly occurs due to Staphylococcus spp and Pseudomonas spp and pose serious complications. Bacteria are the cause for much type of diseases and generate  resistance to wide range of biofilm forming. Biofilms constitute reservoirs of pathogens and are associated with resistance to antimicrobial agents and chronic infection. The study included 156 patients (59% male and 41% female) suffering diabetic foot ulcer whose pus culture was isolated. The identification of isolates for both   gram-negative  and  gram-positive  organisms  was  done   as  per   the   procedures   mentioned  in  Bergey’s  manual  of Determinative  Bacteriology.  Further,  MALDI-  TOF  (Matrix-Assisted Laser  Desorption/Ionization)  was used  to  confirm  the identification of the  isolates using  classical  methods.  Staphylococcus spp (65%)  and Pseudomonas spp (35%)  biofilm producing isolates were identified for Congo red method  assay and Tissue culture plate method. Results of biofilm production in positive, intermediate, negative differentiation on the Congo red plate assay and Tissue culture plate method assays were analyzed.